CHAPTER 9: MENTAL AND EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS
TERMS TO KNOW: MENTAL DISORDER, ANXIETY DISORDER, POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER, MOOD DISORDER, CONDUCT DISORDER, ALIENATION, SUICIDE, CLUSTER SUICIDES, PSYCHOTHEREPY, BEHAVIOR THEREPY, COGNITIVE THEREPY, GROUP THEREPY, BIOMEDICAL THEREPY, COPING, GRIEF RESPONSE, MOURNING
I. MENTAL DISORDERS
A. WHAT ARE MENTAL DISORDERS?
- AN ILLNESS OF THE MIND THAT CAN AFFECT THE THOUGHTS, FEELINGS, AND
BEHAVIORS OF A PERSON, PREVENTING HIM OR HER FROM LEADING A HAPPY,
HEALTHFUL, AND PRODUCTIVE LIFE.
B. TYPES OF MENTAL DISORDERS
1. ORGANIC - CAUSED BY A PHYSICAL ILLNESS OR AN INJURY THAT AFFECTS THE
BRAIN (brain tumors, infections, chemical imbalances, exposure to drugs and toxins, injuries
to the brain)
2. FUNCTIONAL - A PSYCHOLOGICAL CAUSE AND DOES NOT INVOLVE BRAIN DAMAGE. (HEREDITY, STRESS, EMOTIONAL CONFLICT, FEAR, INEFFECTIVE COPING SKILLS, OTHER CONDITIONS.)
3. TYPES:
a. ANXIETY DISORDER
- CONDITION IN WHICH REAL OR IMAGINED FEARS ARE DIFFICULT TO CONTROL
- CHRONIC FEAR
- ARRANGE THEIR LIVES TO AVOID SITUATIONS THAT MAKE THEM FEEL ANXIOUS OR FEARFUL
- FOUR TYPES:
1. PHOBIAS - STRONG OR IRRATIONAL FEAR OF SOMETHING SPECIFIC
I. MENTAL DISORDERS
A. WHAT ARE MENTAL DISORDERS?
- AN ILLNESS OF THE MIND THAT CAN AFFECT THE THOUGHTS, FEELINGS, AND
BEHAVIORS OF A PERSON, PREVENTING HIM OR HER FROM LEADING A HAPPY,
HEALTHFUL, AND PRODUCTIVE LIFE.
B. TYPES OF MENTAL DISORDERS
1. ORGANIC - CAUSED BY A PHYSICAL ILLNESS OR AN INJURY THAT AFFECTS THE
BRAIN (brain tumors, infections, chemical imbalances, exposure to drugs and toxins, injuries
to the brain)
2. FUNCTIONAL - A PSYCHOLOGICAL CAUSE AND DOES NOT INVOLVE BRAIN DAMAGE. (HEREDITY, STRESS, EMOTIONAL CONFLICT, FEAR, INEFFECTIVE COPING SKILLS, OTHER CONDITIONS.)
3. TYPES:
a. ANXIETY DISORDER
- CONDITION IN WHICH REAL OR IMAGINED FEARS ARE DIFFICULT TO CONTROL
- CHRONIC FEAR
- ARRANGE THEIR LIVES TO AVOID SITUATIONS THAT MAKE THEM FEEL ANXIOUS OR FEARFUL
- FOUR TYPES:
1. PHOBIAS - STRONG OR IRRATIONAL FEAR OF SOMETHING SPECIFIC
2. OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER - TRAPPED IN A PATTERN OF REPEATED THOUGHTS OR BEHAVIOR
3. PANIC DISORDER - SUDDEN UNEXPLAINED FEELINGS OF TERROR.
4. POST- TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER - A CONDITION THAT MAY DEVELOP AFTER EXPOSURE TO A TERRIFYING EVENT
THAT THREATENED OR CAUSED PHYSICAL HARM.
THAT THREATENED OR CAUSED PHYSICAL HARM.
b. MOOD DISORDERS - AN ILLNESS, OFTEN WITH AN ORGANIC CAUSE, THAT INVOLVES MOOD EXTREMES THAT INTERFERE WITH
EVERYDAY LIVING
1. CLINICAL DEPRESSION - RESULTS FROM A CHEMICAL IMBALANCE THAT A PERSON CANNOT OVERCOME WITHOUT
PROFESSIONAL HELP
-
EVERYDAY LIVING
1. CLINICAL DEPRESSION - RESULTS FROM A CHEMICAL IMBALANCE THAT A PERSON CANNOT OVERCOME WITHOUT
PROFESSIONAL HELP
-
Bipolar disorder
2. BIPOLAR DISORDER - EXTREME MOOD CHANGES, ENERGY LEVELS, AND BEHAVIORS
C. Eating Disorders
C. EATING DISORDER -
1. anorexia nervosa - disorder in which the irrational fear of becoming obese results in severe weight loss from
self imposed starvation
2. bulimia nervosa - disorder in which some form of purging or clearing of the digestive tract follows cycles of
overeating.
3. binge eating - disorder characterized by compulsive overeating
1. anorexia nervosa - disorder in which the irrational fear of becoming obese results in severe weight loss from
self imposed starvation
2. bulimia nervosa - disorder in which some form of purging or clearing of the digestive tract follows cycles of
overeating.
3. binge eating - disorder characterized by compulsive overeating
D. Conduct Disorders - a pattern of behavior in which the rights of others or basic social rules are violated.
1. examples - lying, theft, aggression, violence, truancy, arson, and vandalism.
E. Schizophrenia - a severe mental disorder in which a person loses contact with reality. Causes of this condition may be be combination of
genetic factors and chemical and structural changes in the brain.
1. symptoms - delusions, hallucinations, and thought disorders
F. Personality Disorders - refers to an individuals unique trait patterns.
1. antisocial personality disorder - tend to be irritable, aggressive, impulsive, and violent. unable to show remorse for their behavior
2. borderline personality disorder - frequently experience a series of troubled relationships. Engage in high-risk activities, and may have poor self esteem
3. passive-aggressive personality disorder - often very uncooperative. resent being told what to do and rely on others direction.
1. examples - lying, theft, aggression, violence, truancy, arson, and vandalism.
E. Schizophrenia - a severe mental disorder in which a person loses contact with reality. Causes of this condition may be be combination of
genetic factors and chemical and structural changes in the brain.
1. symptoms - delusions, hallucinations, and thought disorders
F. Personality Disorders - refers to an individuals unique trait patterns.
1. antisocial personality disorder - tend to be irritable, aggressive, impulsive, and violent. unable to show remorse for their behavior
2. borderline personality disorder - frequently experience a series of troubled relationships. Engage in high-risk activities, and may have poor self esteem
3. passive-aggressive personality disorder - often very uncooperative. resent being told what to do and rely on others direction.
II. Suicide Prevention
"the act of intentionally taking one's own life"
A. RECOGNIZING THE WARNING SIGNS
STRATEGIES TO PREVENT SUICIDE
CDC STRATEGIES TO PREVENT SUICIDE: http://www.cdc.gov/ViolencePrevention/pdf/PreventingSuicide-a.pdf
III. GETTING HELP!!!
A. THEREPY METHODS
1. PSYCHOTHEREPY - ONGOING DIALOGUE BETWEEN A PATIENT AND A MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONAL
2. BEHAVIOR THEREPY - TREATMENT PROCESS THAT FOCUSES ON CHANGING UNWANTED BEHAVIORS THROUGHT
REWARDS AND REINFORCEMENTS.
3. COGNITIVE THEREPY - TREATMENT METHOD DESIGNED TO IDENTIFY AND CORRECT DISTORTED THINKING PATTERNS THAT CAN LEAD TO FEELINGS AND BEHAVIORS THAT MAY BE TROUBLESOME, SELF-DEFEATING, OR SELF DESTRUCTIVE
4. GROUP THEREPY - TREATING A GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE SIMILAR PROBLEMS AND WHO MEET REGULARLY WITH A TRAINED COUNSELOR
5. BIOMEDICAL THEREPY - USE OF CERTAIN MEDICATIONS TO TREAT OR REDUCE THE SYMPTOMS OF A MENTAL DISORDER.
IV. UNDERSTANDING DEATH AND GRIEF
A. GRIEF RESPONSE - AN INDIVIDUALS TOTAL RESPONSE TO A MAJOR LOSS
B. THE GRIEVING PROCESS - THE PURPOSE IS TO REACH CLOSURE, OR ACCEPTANCE OF
LOSS
C. STEPS TO GRIEVING PROCESS
1. DENIAL OR NUMBNESS - THIS STAGE A PERSON CANNOT BELIEVE THE LOSS
OCCURRED
2. EMOTIONAL RELEASE - RECOGNITION OF THE LOSS AND OFTEN INVOLVE PERIODS OF CRYING (IMPORTANT IN HEALING PROCESS)
3. ANGER - FEELING POWERLESS AND UNFAIRLY DEPRIVED. LASHING OUT AND A GENERAL RESENTMENT TOWARD LIFE SETS IN.
4. BARGAINING - ONCE THE REALITY OF LOSS BECOMES CLEAR, THE PERSON MAY PROMISE TO CHANGE IF ONLY WHAT WAS LOST CAN BE RETURNED, EVEN FOR A LITTLE WHILE
5. DEPRESSION - FEELINGS OF ISOLATION, ALIENATION, AND HOPLESSNESS OCCUR AS THE PERSON RECOGNIZES THE EXTENT OF THE LOSS
6. REMORSE - MAY BECOME PREOCCUPIED WITH THOUGHTS ABOUT WHAT HE OR SHE COULD HAVE DONE TO PREVENT THE LOSS OR MAKE THINGS BETTER.
7. ACCEPTANCE - THIS STAGE INVOLVES A SENSE OF POWER, ALLOWING THE PERSON TO FACE REALITY IN CONSTRUCTIVE WAYS AND MAKE SIGNIFICANT AND MEANINGFUL GESTURES SURROUNDING THE IDEA OF LOSS.
8. HOPE - THE PERSON REACHES A POINT WHEN REMEMBERING BECOMES LESS PAINFUL AND HE OR SHE BEGINS TO LOOK AHEAD TO THE FUTURE.
B. THE GRIEVING PROCESS - THE PURPOSE IS TO REACH CLOSURE, OR ACCEPTANCE OF
LOSS
C. STEPS TO GRIEVING PROCESS
1. DENIAL OR NUMBNESS - THIS STAGE A PERSON CANNOT BELIEVE THE LOSS
OCCURRED
2. EMOTIONAL RELEASE - RECOGNITION OF THE LOSS AND OFTEN INVOLVE PERIODS OF CRYING (IMPORTANT IN HEALING PROCESS)
3. ANGER - FEELING POWERLESS AND UNFAIRLY DEPRIVED. LASHING OUT AND A GENERAL RESENTMENT TOWARD LIFE SETS IN.
4. BARGAINING - ONCE THE REALITY OF LOSS BECOMES CLEAR, THE PERSON MAY PROMISE TO CHANGE IF ONLY WHAT WAS LOST CAN BE RETURNED, EVEN FOR A LITTLE WHILE
5. DEPRESSION - FEELINGS OF ISOLATION, ALIENATION, AND HOPLESSNESS OCCUR AS THE PERSON RECOGNIZES THE EXTENT OF THE LOSS
6. REMORSE - MAY BECOME PREOCCUPIED WITH THOUGHTS ABOUT WHAT HE OR SHE COULD HAVE DONE TO PREVENT THE LOSS OR MAKE THINGS BETTER.
7. ACCEPTANCE - THIS STAGE INVOLVES A SENSE OF POWER, ALLOWING THE PERSON TO FACE REALITY IN CONSTRUCTIVE WAYS AND MAKE SIGNIFICANT AND MEANINGFUL GESTURES SURROUNDING THE IDEA OF LOSS.
8. HOPE - THE PERSON REACHES A POINT WHEN REMEMBERING BECOMES LESS PAINFUL AND HE OR SHE BEGINS TO LOOK AHEAD TO THE FUTURE.