Chapter 18: The Endocrine and Reproductive System
Terms To Know: endocrine glands, hormones, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands pancreas, pituitary gland, gonads, adrenal glands, reproductive systems, sperm, testosterone, testes, scrotum, penis, semen, sterility, ova, uterus, ovaries, ovulation, fallopian tubes, vagina, cervix, menstruation
I. The Endocrine System
A. Structure: the endocrine system consists of a network of glands located
throughout the body.
1. Glands
a. hypothalamus: . links the endocrine system with the nervous system and
stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete hormones
b. pituitary: regulates and controls activities of other endocrine glands
c. parathyroid: produces a hormone that regulates the body's calcium and
phosphorus balance
d. adrenal: produce hormones that regulate the body's salt and water
balance. secretions from the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla
control the bodys emergency response
e. pancreas: serves the digestive and the endocrine systems. It secretes
two hormones that regulate the level of glucose in the blood - glucagon
and insulin.
f. pineal: secretes melatonin which regulates sleep cycles and is thought to
affect the onset of puberty.
g. thyroid: produces hormones that regulate metabolism, body heat, and
bone growth. It produces thyroxine, which regulates the way cells
release energy from nutrients.
h. thymus: regulates development of the immune system
i. testes: male reproductive gland
j. ovaries: female reproductive gland
2. Problems of the Endocrine System
a. diabetes mellitus: disease in which the pancreas produces too little or
no insulin, resulting in high blood glucose levels. Symptoms include
fatigue, weight loss, thirst, and frequent urination
b. graves disease: (hyperhyroidism) a disorder in which overactive and
enlarged thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroxine.
c. Cushing disease: overproduction of adrenal hormones
d. goiter: enlargement of the thyroid gland, mainly by a lack of iodine in the
diet
e. growth disorders: caused by abnormal amounts of growth hormone
3. Care of the Endocrine System
a. eat right
b. get enough sleep
c. avoid stress
II. The Male Reproductive System
A. External Organs:
1. testes -
2. scrotum -
3. penis -
B. Internal Organs
1. seminal vesicle -
2. Prostate gland -
3. Cowpers glands -
4. urethra -
5. Vas Deferens -
6. epididymis -
C. Care of Male Reproductive System
1. regular check-ups
2. bathe regularly -
3. wear protective equipment -
4. self exams
5. ABSTINENCE
D. Problems of the Male Reproductive System
1. inguinal hernia -
2. Sterility -
3. testicular cancer -
4. prostate cancer -
A. External Organs:
1. testes -
2. scrotum -
3. penis -
B. Internal Organs
1. seminal vesicle -
2. Prostate gland -
3. Cowpers glands -
4. urethra -
5. Vas Deferens -
6. epididymis -
C. Care of Male Reproductive System
1. regular check-ups
2. bathe regularly -
3. wear protective equipment -
4. self exams
5. ABSTINENCE
D. Problems of the Male Reproductive System
1. inguinal hernia -
2. Sterility -
3. testicular cancer -
4. prostate cancer -